Lumbar Disc Herniation

What is Lumbar Disc Herniation?
Lumbar disc herniation occurs when a disc in the lower spine ruptures or bulges, putting pressure on nearby nerves. This can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the lower back and legs.

Causes:

  • Age-related wear and tear (degeneration)

  • Sudden injury or trauma

  • Heavy lifting with poor technique

  • Repetitive strain on the spine

Symptoms:

  • Lower back pain

  • Pain radiating down one or both legs (sciatica)

  • Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet

  • Muscle weakness in the lower body

  • Increased pain with movement, coughing, or sneezing

Diagnosis:
A healthcare provider may diagnose lumbar disc herniation using:

  • Medical history and physical examination

  • Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, or X-rays

  • Nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG)

Treatment Options:

  1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatments:

    • Rest and activity modification

    • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility

    • Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications

    • Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation

  2. Surgical Treatments:

    • If conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered.

    • Common procedures include microdiscectomy (removal of part of the herniated disc) or laminectomy (removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure).

Self-Care & Prevention:

  • Maintain a healthy weight

  • Engage in regular exercise, including core strengthening

  • Practice proper posture and body mechanics

  • Avoid prolonged sitting or standing in one position

When to See a Doctor:

  • Severe or worsening pain despite treatment

  • Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs

  • Loss of bladder or bowel control (seek emergency care)